The civilizations of Egypt started in 3000BC, when the lower Nile Valley became under a single ruler, by the Romans. Egypt history is known for its achievements in art, architecture, engineering, medicine and state craft. The people of Egypt were known having the longest civilization and having a literate and urban civilization. In 612 and 525BC Egypt was leading in power in the Middle East by the Macedonians. In 332BC Alexander the Great crowned himself as pharaoh. Then in 305BC Ptolemy, an independent ruler of Egypt was crowned. In 31BC, Cleopatra died and the civilization of Egypt was more Greek then Egypt. But, however the older kings thought it was important to present themselves in their traditions, and that is when the Nile Valley became the Roman Empire.
"Timeline of Ancient Egyptian civilization: - c.5000 BC: The coming of farming to the Nile Valley - c. 3500-3000: The Pre-dynastic period, leading to the unification of Egypt - c. 2650: The beginning of the Old Kingdom - c.2575-2465: The Great Pyramids of Giza built - c. 2150: The fall of the Old Kingdom leads to the 1st Intermediate period begins - 2074: The Middle Kingdom begins; Egypt is united and powerful again - 1759: The fall of the Middle Kingdom leads to the 2nd Intermediate period, and the occupation of norhern Egypt by the Hyksos - 1539: The reunification of Egypt and the expulsion of the Hyksos begins the New Kingdom, a period when Egypt became a leading power in the Middle East - 1344-1328: The pharaoh Akhenaton carries out a short-lived religious reformation -1336-1327: Tutankhamen reigns - 1279-1213: The reign of Ramses II brings Egypt to the height of its power - c. 1150 onwards: The New Kingdom falls into decline - 728: Egypt is conquered by Nubian kings - 656: Egypt is occupied by the Assyrians - 639: The Egyptians expel the Assyrians and begin a period of revival 525: Egypt is conquered by the Persians - 332: Egypt is conquered by Alexander the Great - 305: Ptolemy, one of Alexander the Great's generals, founds a Greek-speaking dynasty - 30: Cleopatra, the last queen of independent Egypt in ancient times, dies, and Egypt is annexed by the Roman Empire" link- www.timemaps.com